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Unidentata > Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae

 

 

 

 

 

 

Viperinae

Viperidae

 

 

 

 

Azimiopinae

 

 

 

Crotalinae

 

 

 

 

 

            Familia Viperidae Oppel, 1811 (Familie Vipern):

-          325 Arten

 

            Subfamilia Viperinae Opel, 1811 (Unterfamilie Echte Vipern):

-          100 Arten

 

            Subfamilia Azimiopinae Liem, Marx & Rabb, 1971 (Unterfamilie Urtümliche Vipern):

-          2 Arten

 

            Subfamilia Crotalinae Oppel, 1811 (Unterfamilie Grubenottern):

-          223 Arten

 

 

 

Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae

 

 

 

 

 

Atherini

Viperinae

 

 

 

Viperini

 

 

            Subfamilia Viperinae Opel, 1811 (Unterfamilie Echte Vipern):

-          100 Arten

 

            Tribus Atherini Groombridge, 1986 (Gattungsgruppe Afrikanische Vipern):

-          55 Arten

 

            Tribus Viperini Opel, 1811 (Gattungsgruppe Eurasische Vipern):

-          45 Arten

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bitis

 

 

 

 

 

 

Atheris

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Montatheris

Atherini

 

 

 

 

 

 

Causus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Echis

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cerastes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proatheris

 

 

 

 

 

 

            Tribus Atherini Groombridge, 1986 (Gattungsgruppe Afrikanische Vipern):

-          55 Arten

 

Genus Bitis Gray, 1842 (Gattung Puffottern):

-          17 Arten

 

Genus Atheris Cope, 1862 (Gattung Buschvipern):

-          15 Arten

 

Genus Montatheris Broadley, 1996 (Gattung Afrikanische Bergottern):

-          1 Art

 

Genus Causus Wagler, 1830 (Gattung Krötenottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Genus Echis Merrem, 1820 (Gattung Sandrasselottern):

-          11 Arten

 

Genus Cerastes Laurenti, 1768 (Gattung Sandvipern):

-          4 Arten

 

Genus Proatheris Broadley, 1996 (Gattung Afrikanische Sumpfvipern):

-          1 Art

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini > Bitis

 

 

Genus Bitis Gray, 1842 (Gattung Puffottern):

-          17 Arten

 

Bitis albanica Hewitt, 1937 (Albany-Puffotter/Albany Puff Adder):

 

Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820) (Afrikanische Puffotter/African Puff Adder):

 

Bitis armata (Smith, 1826) (Kap-Zwergotter/Southern Dwarf Adder):

 

Bitis atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atroposviper/Berg Adder):

 

Bitis caudalis (Smith, 1839) (Gehörnte Puffotter/Southern Horned Adder):

 

Bitis cornuta (Daudin, 1803) (Büschelbrauenotter/Many-horned Adder):

 

Bitis gabonica (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Afrikanische Gabunviper/African Gaboon Adder):

 

Bitis heraldica (Bocage, 1889) (Angola-Puffotter/Angolan Adder):

 

Bitis inornata (Smith, 1838) (Ungezeichnete Zwergotter/Plain Mountain Adder):

 

Bitis nasicornis (Shaw, 1802) (Nashornviper/Rhinoceros Viper):

 

Bitis parviocula Böhme, 1976 (Äthiopische Puffotter/Ethiopian Mountain Adder):

 

Bitis peringueyi (Boulenger, 1888) (Nambib-Zwergotter/Namib Dwarf Adder):

 

Bitis rhinoceros (Schlegel, 1855) (Westliche Gabunviper/Western Gaboon Adder):

 

Bitis rubida Branch, 1997 (Rote Zwergotter/Red Adder):

 

Bitis schneideri (Boettger, 1886) (Namaqua-Zwergotter/Namaqua Dwarf Adder):

 

Bitis worthingtoni Parker, 1932 (Kenia-Zwergpuffotter/Kenya Horned Adder):

 

Bitis xeropaga Haacke, 1975 (Wüsten-Zwergotter/Desert Mountain Adder):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae  > Atherini > Atheris

 

 

Genus Atheris Cope, 1862 (Gattung Buschvipern):

-          15 Arten

 

Atheris acuminata Broadley, 1998 (Stachelige Buschviper/Acuminate Bush Viper):

 

Atheris barbouri Loveridge, 1930 (Udzungwa-Buschviper/Uzungwe Mountain Bush Viper):

 

Atheris broadleyi Lawson, 1999 (Broadley-Buschviper/Broadley’s Bush Viper):

 

Atheris ceratophora Werner, 1896 (Usambara-Buschviper/Usambara Bush Viper):

 

Atheris chlorechis (Pel, 1851) (Westafrikanische Buschviper/ West African Bush Viper):

 

Atheris desaixi Ashe, 1968 (Keniaberg-Buschviper/Desaix’s Bush Viper):

 

Atheris hirsuta Ernst & Rödel, 2002 (Haarige Buschviper/Hairy Bush Viper):

 

Atheris hispida Laurent, 1955 (Rauschuppige Buschviper/Bristly Bush Viper):

 

Atheris katangensis de Witte, 1953 (Katanga-Buschviper/Katanga Bush Viper):

 

Atheris mabuensis Branch & Bayliss, 2009 (Mabu-Buschviper/Mount Mabu Bush Viper):

 

Atheris matildae Menegon, Davenport & Howell, 2011 (Matilda-Buschviper/Matilda’s Horned Viper):

 

Atheris nitschei Tornier, 1902 (Schwarzgrüne Buschviper/Sedge Viper):

 

Atheris rungweensis Bogert, 1940 (Rungwe-Buschviper/Rungwe Bush Viper):

 

Atheris squamigera (Hallowell, 1854) (Bunte Buschviper/Variable Bush Viper):

 

Atheris subocularis Fischer, 1888 (Kamerun-Buschviper/Cameroon Bush Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini > Montatheris

 

 

Genus Montatheris Broadley, 1996 (Gattung Afrikanische Bergottern):

-          1 Art

 

Montatheris hindii (Boulenger, 1910) (Ostafrikanische Bergotter/Montane Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini > Causus

 

 

Genus Causus Wagler, 1830 (Gattung Krötenottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Causus bilineatus Boulenger, 1905 (Streifen-Krötenotter/Two-striped Night Adder):

 

Causus defilippii (Jan, 1862) (Defilippi-Krötenotter/Snouted Night Adder):

 

Causus lichtensteinii (Jan, 1859) (Lichtenstein-Krötenotter/Forest Night Adder):

 

Causus maculatus (Hallowell, 1842) (Gefleckte Krötenotter/Spotted Night Adder):

 

Causus resimus (Peters, 1862) (Grüne Krötenotter/Velvety-green Night Adder):

 

Causus rhombeatus (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Rhomben-Krötenotter/Rhombic Night Adder):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini > Echis

 

 

Genus Echis Merrem, 1820 (Gattung Sandrasselottern):

-          11 Arten

 

Echis borkini Cherlin, 1990 (Jemen-Sandrasselotter/Yemen Carpet Viper):

 

Echis carinatus (Schneider, 1801) (Gemeine Sandrasselotter/Saw-scaled Carpet Viper):

 

Echis coloratus Günther, 1878 (Arabische Sandrasselotter/Painted Carpet Viper):

 

Echis hughesi Cherlin, 1990 (Somali-Sandrasselotter/Hughes’ Carpet Viper):

 

Echis jogeri Cherlin, 1990 (Mali-Sandrasselotter/Mal Carpet Viper):

 

Echis khosatzkii Cherlin, 1990 (Dhofar-Sandrasselotter/Dhofar Carpet Viper):

 

Echis leucogaster ROMAN, 1972 (Weißbäuchige Sandrasselotter/White-bellied Carpet Viper):

 

Echis megalocephalus Cherlin, 1990 (Großköpfige Sandrasselotter/Big-headed Carpet Viper):

 

Echis ocellatus Stemmler, 1970 (Augenfleck-Sandrasselotter/West African Carpet Viper):

 

Echis omanensis Babocsay, 2004 (Oman-Sandrasselotter/Oman Carpet Viper):

 

Echis pyramidum (Geoffroy Saint-Hilarie, 1827) (Ostafrikanische Sandrasselotter/East African Carpet Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini > Cerastes

 

 

Genus Cerastes Laurenti, 1768 (Gattung Sandvipern):

-          4 Arten

 

Cerastes boehmei Wagner & Wilms, 2010 (Böhme-Hornviper/Böhme’s Horned Viper):

 

Cerastes cerastes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Wüsten-Hornviper/Desert Horned Viper):

 

Cerastes gasperettii Leviton & Anderson, 1967 (Arabische Hornviper/Arabian Horned Viper):

 

Cerastes vipera (Linnaeus, 1758) (Avicennaviper/Avicenna’s Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Atherini > Proatheris

 

 

Genus Proatheris Broadley, 1996 (Gattung Afrikanische Sumpfvipern):

-          1 Art

 

Proatheris superciliaris (Peters, 1855) (Afrikanische Sumpfviper/Lowland Swamp Viper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eristicophis

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pseudocerastes

Viperini

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daboia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vipera

 

 

 

 

 

 

Macrovipera

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Montivipera

 

 

 

 

 

 

            Tribus Viperini Opel, 1811 (Gattungsgruppe Eurasische Vipern):

-          45 Arten

 

Genus Eristicophis Alcock & Finn, 1897 (Gattung MacMahon-Vipern):

-          1 Art

 

Genus Pseudocerastes Boulenger, 1896 (Gattung Trughornvipern):

-          3 Arten

 

Genus Daboia Gray, 1842 (Gattung Kettenvipern):

-          5 Arten

 

Genus Vipera Laurenti, 1768 (Gattung Europäische Vipern):

-          25 Arten

 

Genus Macrovipera Reuss, 1927 (Gattung Großvipern):

-          2 Arten

 

Genus Montivipera Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann, 1999 (Gattung Asiatische Bergottern):

-          9 Arten

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini > Eristicophis

 

 

Eristicophis

 

Eristicophis macmahoni

 

 

Genus Eristicophis Alcock & Finn, 1897 (Gattung MacMahon-Vipern):

-          1 Art

 

Eristicophis macmahoni Alcock & Finn, 1897 (MacMahon-Viper/MacMahon’s Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini > Pseudocerastes

 

 

Genus Pseudocerastes Boulenger, 1896 (Gattung Trughornvipern):

-          3 Arten

 

Pseudocerastes fieldi Schmidt, 1930 (Field-Trughornviper/Field’s Horned Viper):

 

Pseudocerastes persicus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Persische Trughornviper/Persian Horned Viper):

 

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides Bostanchi, Anderson, Kami & Papenfuss, 2006 (Stachelschwanz-Trughornviper/Spiny-tailed Horned Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini > Daboia

 

 

Genus Daboia Gray, 1842 (Gattung Kettenvipern):

-          5 Arten

 

Daboia deserti (Anderson, 1892) (Saharaotter/Desert Blunt-nosed Viper):

 

Daboia mauritanica (Duméril & Bibron, 1848) (Algerienotter/Moorish Blunt-nosed Viper):

 

Daboia palaestinae (Werner, 1938) (Palästinaviper/Palestine Viper):

 

Daboia russelii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797) (Russel-Kettenviper/Russel’s Viper):

 

Daboia siamensis (Smith, 1917) (Thailändische Kettenviper/Siamese Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini > Vipera

 

 

Genus Vipera Laurenti, 1768 (Gattung Europäische Vipern):

-          25 Arten

 

Vipera altaica Tuniyev, Nilson & Andrén, 2010 (Altai-Wiesenotter/Altay Meadow Viper):

 

Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Europäische Sandotter/European Nose-horned Viper):

 

Vipera anatolica Eiselt & Baran, 1970 (Anatolische Viper/Anatolian Viper):

 

Vipera aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aspisviper/Asp Viper):

 

Vipera barani Böhme & Joger, 1983 (Barans Otter/Baran’s Viper):

 

Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Europäische Kreuzotter/European Adder):

 

Vipera darevskii Vedmederja, Orlov & Tuniyev, 1986 (Darevskys Otter/Darevsky’s Meadow Viper):

 

Vipera dinniki Nikolsky, 1913 (Dinniks Kaukasusotter/Dinnik’s Viper):

 

Vipera ebneri Knoepffler & Sochurek, 1955 (Iranische Bergsteppenotter/Iranian Steppe Viper):

 

Vipera eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933) (Südliche Steppenotter/Armenian Meadow Viper):

 

Vipera kaznakovi Nikolsky, 1909 (Kolchische Kaukasusotter/Southern Caucasian Viper):

 

Vipera latastei Bosca, 1878 (Stülpnasenotter/Lataste’s Viper):

 

Vipera lotievi Nilson, Tuniyev, Orlov, Hoggren & Andrén, 1995 (Kaukasus-Wiesenotter/Lotiev’s Meadow Viper):

 

Vipera magnifica Tuniyev & Ostrovskikh, 2001 (Westliche Kaukasusotter/Western Caucasian Viper):

 

Vipera monticola Saint Girons, 1953 (Atlasotter/Atlas Mountain Viper):

 

Vipera nikolskii Vedmederya, Grubant & Rudajewa, 1986 (Waldsteppenotter/Nikolsky’s Adder):

 

Vipera olguni (Tuniyev, Avci, Tuniyev Agasian & Agasian, 2012) (Olgun-Wiesenotter/Olgun’s Meadow Viper):

 

Vipera orlovi Tuniyev & Ostrovskikh, 2001 (Orlovs Kaukasusotter/Orlov’s Viper):

 

Vipera pontica Billing, Nilson & Sattler, 1990 (Pontische Otter/Pontic Adder):

 

Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861) (Gemeine Steppenotter/Steppe Viper):

 

Vipera sachalinensis Zarevsky, 1917 (Sachalin-Kreuzotter/Sachalin Adder):

 

Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879 (Spanische Kreuzotter/Iberian Viper):

 

Vipera shemakhensis Tuniyev, Orlov, Tuniyev & Kidov, 2013 (Shemakha-Wiesenotter/Shemakha Meadow Viper):

 

Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger, 1913 (Transkaukasische Sandotter/Transcaucasian Nose-horned Viper):

 

Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte, 1835) (Europäische Wiesenotter/European Meadow Viper):

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini > Macrovipera

 

 

 

 

 

Macrovipera lebetina

Macrovipera

 

 

 

 

Macrovipera schweizeri

 

 

 

 

Genus Macrovipera Reuss, 1927 (Gattung Großvipern):

-          2 Arten

 

Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Levanteotter/Levant Blunt-nosed Viper):

 

Macrovipera schweizeri (Werner, 1935) (Kykladenviper/Cyclades Blunt-nosed Viper)

 

 

 

Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Viperinae > Viperini > Montivipera

 

 

Genus Montivipera Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann, 1999 (Gattung Asiatische Bergottern):

-          9 Arten

 

Montivipera albicornuta (Nilson & Andrén, 1985) (Zanjan-Tal-Bergotter/Zanjan Valley Viper):

 

Montivipera albizona (Nilson, Andrén & Flärdh, 1990) (Kulmac-Daglari-Otter/Kulmac Daglari Viper):

 

Montivipera bornmuelleri (Werner, 1898) (Libanon-Bergotter/Lebanon Mountain Viper):

 

Montivipera bulgardaghica (Nilson & Andrén, 1985) (Bulgar-Dagh-Otter/Bulger Dagh Viper):

 

Montivipera kuhrangica Rajabizadeh, Nilson & Kami, 2011 (Kuhrang-Bergotter/Kuhrang Viper):

 

Montivipera latifii (Mertens, Darewsky & Klemmer, 1967) (Elbrus-Bergotter/Latifi’s Viper):

 

Montivipera raddei (Boettger, 1890) (Armenische Bergotter/Radde’s Viper):

 

Montivipera wagneri (Nilson & Andrén, 1984) (Wagner-Bergotter/Wagner’s Mountain Viper):

 

Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849) (Xanthos-Bergotter/Ottoman Viper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Azimiopinae > Azemiops

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Azemiops feae

Azimiopinae

 

Azemiops

 

 

 

 

 

Azemiops kharini

 

 

 

 

 

 

            Subfamilia Azimiopinae Liem, Marx & Rabb, 1971 (Unterfamilie Urtümliche Vipern):

-          2 Arten

 

Genus Azemiops Boulenger, 1888 (Gattung Fea-Vipern):

-          2 Arten

 

Azemiops feae Boulenger, 1888 (Fea-Viper/Fea Viper):

 

Azemiops kharini Orlov, Ryabov & Nguyen, 2013 (Kharin-Viper/Kharin’s Viper):

 

 

Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae

 

 

            Subfamilia Crotalinae Oppel, 1811 (Unterfamilie Grubenottern):

-          223 Arten

 

Genus Garthius Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004 (Gattung Chasens Berggrubenottern):

-          1 Art

 

Genus Deinagkistrodon Gloyd, 1979 (Gattung Chinesische Nasenottern):

-          1 Art

 

Genus Tropidolaemus Wagler, 1830 (Gattung Tempelvipern):

-          5 Arten

 

Genus Calloselasma Cope, 1860 (Gattung Malaiische Mokassinottern):

-          1 Art

 

Genus Hypnale Fitzinger, 1843 (Gattung Ceylon-Nasenottern):

-          3 Arten

 

Genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Gattung Bambusottern):

-          48 Arten

 

Genus Gloydius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981 (Gattung Mamushis):

-          13 Arten

 

Genus Ovophis Burger, 1981 (Gattung Asiatische Berggrubenottern):

-          4 Arten

 

Genus Protobothrops Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983 (Gattung Habu-Grubenottern):

-          14 Arten

 

Genus Bothrocophias Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001 (Gattung Krötenkopf-Lanzenottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Genus Bothrops Wagler, 1824 (Gattung Amerikanische Lanzenottern):

-          45 Arten

 

Genus Atropoides Werman, 1992 (Gattung Springende Lanzenottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Genus Cerrophidion Campbell & Lamar, 1992 (Gattung Amerikanische Berggrubenottern):

-          5 Arten

 

Genus Porthidium Cope, 1871 (Gattung Hakennasen-Lanzenottern):

-          9 Arten

 

Genus Agkistrodon Palisot de Beauvois, 1799 (Gattung Dreieckskopfottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Genus Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Gattung Klapperschlangen):

-          36 Arten

 

Genus Sistrurus Garman, 1883 (Gattung Zwergklapperschlangen):

-          2 Arten

 

Genus Bothriechis Peters, 1859 (Gattung Palmlanzenottern):

-          10 Arten

 

Genus Lachesis Daudin, 1803 (Gattung Buschmeister):

-          4 Arten

 

Genus Mixcoatlus Jadin, Smith & Campbell, 2011 (Gattung Mexikanische Berggrubenottern):

-          3 Arten

 

Genus Ophryacus Cope, 1887 (Gattung Mexikanische Horn-Lanzenottern):

-          1 Art

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Agkistrodon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agkistrodon contortrix

Agkistrodon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agkistrodon piscivorus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agkistrodon taylori

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agkistrodon bilineatus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agkistrodon howardgloydi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agkistrodon russeolus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Genus Agkistrodon Palisot de Beauvois, 1799 (Gattung Dreieckskopfottern):

-          6 Arten; Stammbaum basierend auf den Ergebnissen von Porras et al. (2013)

 

Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnaeus, 1766) (Nordamerikanischer Kupferkopf/American Copperhead):

 

Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacépède, 1789) (Wassermokassinotter/Water Moccasin):

 

Agkistrodon taylori Burger & Robertson, 1951 (Taylor-Mokassinotter/Taylor’s Moccasin):

 

Agkistrodon bilineatus Günther, 1863 (Mexikanische Mokassinotter/Mexican Moccasin):

 

Agkistrodon howardgloydi Conant, 1984 (Gloyd-Mokassinotter/Gloyd’s Moccasin):

 

Agkistrodon russeolus Gloyd, 1972 (Yucatán-Mokassinotter/Yucatán Moccasin):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Atropoides

 

 

Genus Atropoides Werman, 1992 (Gattung Springende Lanzenottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Atropoides indomitus Smith & Ferrari-Castro, 2008 (Honduras-Springlanzenotter/Honduran Jumping Pitviper):

 

Atropoides mexicanus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Mittelamerikanische Springlanzenotter/Central American Jumping Pitviper):

 

Atropoides nummifer (Rüppell, 1845) (Mexikanische Springlanzenotter/Mexican Jumping Pitviper)

 

Atropoides occiduus (Hoge, 1966) (Guatemala-Springlanzenotter/Guatemalan Jumping Pitviper):

 

Atropoides olmec (Perez-Higareda, Smith, Julia-Zertuche, 1985) (Tuxtlas-Springlanzenotter/Tuxtlan Jumping Pitviper):

 

Atropoides picadoi (Dunn, 1939) (Picado-Springlanzenotter/Picado’s Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Bothriechis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis schlegelii

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis supraciliaris

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis nigroviridis

Bothriechis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis guifarroi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis lateralis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis marchi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis thalassinus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis bicolor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis aurifer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bothriechis rowleyi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Genus Bothriechis Peters, 1859 (Gattung Palmlanzenottern):

-          10 Arten; Stammbaum basierend auf den Ergebnissen von Townsend, Medina-Flores, Wilson, Jadin & Austin (2013)

 

Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold, 1846) (Greifschwanz-Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis supraciliaris (Taylor, 1954) (San-Isidro-Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis nigroviridis Peters, 1859 (Schwarzgefleckte Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis guifarroi Townsend, Medina-Flores, Wilson, Jadin & Austin, 2013 (Guifarro-Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis lateralis Peters, 1862 (Grüngelbe Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis marchi (Barbour & Loveridge, 1929) (March-Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis thalassinus Campbell & Smith, 2000 (Meerblaue Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis bicolor (Bocourt, 1868) (Zweifarbige Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis aurifer (Salvin, 1860) (Gelbgefleckte Palmlanzenotter):

 

Bothriechis rowleyi (Bogert, 1968) (Rowley-Palmlanzenotter):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Bothrocophias

 

 

Genus Bothrocophias Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001 (Gattung Krötenkopf-Lanzenottern):

-          6 Arten

 

Bothrocophias andianus Amaral, 1923 (Anden-Krötenkopf-Lanzenotter/Andean Toad-headed Pitviper):

 

Bothrocophias campbelli (Freire-Lascano, 1991) (Ekuador-Krötenkopf-Lanzenotter/Ecuadorian Toad-headed Pitviper):

 

Bothrocophias colombianus (Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940) (Kolumbianische Krötenkopf-Lanzenotter/Colombian Toad-headed Pitviper):

 

Bothrocophias hyoprora (Amaral, 1935) (Amazonische Krötenkopf-Lanzenotter/Amazonian Toad-headed Pitviper):

 

Bothrocophias microphthalmus (Cope, 1876) (Kleinäugige Krötenkopf-Lanzenotter/Small-eyed Toad-headed Pitviper):

 

Bothrocophias myersi Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001 (Myers-Krötenkopf-Lanzenotter/Myers’ Toad-headed Pitviper

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Bothrops

 

 

Genus Bothrops Wagler, 1824 (Gattung Amerikanische Lanzenottern):

-          45 Arten

 

Bothrops alcatraz (Marques, 2002) (Alcatrazes-Lanzenotter/Alcatrazes Island Lancehead):

 

Bothrops alternatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Halbmond-Lanzenotter/Urutu):

 

Bothrops ammodytoides (Leybold, 1873) (Patagonien-Lanzenotter/Yararanata):

 

Bothrops asper (Garman, 1883) (Rauschuppige Lanzenotter/Terciopelo):

 

Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) (Amerikanische Lanzenotter/Common Lancehead):

 

Bothrops ayerbei Folleco-Fernandez, 2010 (Ayerbe-Lanzenotter/Ayerbe Lancehead):

 

Bothrops barnetti Parker, 1938 (Barnett-Lanzenotter/Barnett’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops bilineata (Wied, 1825) (Zweistreifen-Waldlanzenotter/Two-striped Forest Pitviper):

 

Bothrops brazili Amaral, 1923 (Brazil-Lanzenotter/Brazil’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops caribbaeus (Garman, 1887) (Saint-Lucia-Lanzenotter/Saint Lucia Lancehead):

 

Bothrops chloromelas (Boulenger, 1912) (Huancabamba-Waldlanzenotter/Huancabamba Forest Pitviper):

 

Bothrops colombiensis (Hallowell, 1845) (Miranda-Lanzenotter/Miranda Lancehead):

 

Bothrops cotiara (Gomes, 1913) (Cotiara-Lanzenotter/Cotiara):

 

Bothrops diporus (Cope, 1862) (Chaco-Lanzenotter/Chaco Lancehead):

 

Bothrops erythromelas (Amaral, 1923) (Caatinga-Lanzenotter/Caatinga Lancehead):

 

Bothrops fonsecai (Hoge & Belluomini, 1959) (Fonseca-Lanzenotter/Fonseca’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops insularis (Amaral, 1921) (Insel-Lanzenotter/Golden Lancehead):

 

Bothrops itapetiningae (Boulenger, 1907) (Sao-Paulo-Lanzenotter/Sao Paulo Lancehead):

 

Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) (Jararaca-Lanzenotter/Jararaca):

 

Bothrops jararacussu Lacerda, 1884 (Jararacussu-Lanzenotter/Jararacussu):

 

Bothrops jonathani (Harvey, 1994) (Jonathan-Lanzenotter/Jonathan’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops lanceolatus (Bonnaterre, 1790) (Martinique-Lanzenotter/Martinique Lancehead):

 

Bothrops leucurus Wagler, 1824 (Bahia-Lanzenotter/Bahia Lancehead):

 

Bothrops lojanus Parker, 1930 (Lojan-Lanzenotter/Lojan Lancehead):

 

Bothrops lutzi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915) (Sertao-Lanzenotter/Sertao Lancehead):

 

Bothrops marajoensis Hoge, 1966 (Marajó-Lanzenotter/Marajó Lancehead):

 

Bothrops marmoratus da Silva & Rodrigues, 2008 (Marmorierte Lanzenotter/Marbled Lancehead):

 

Bothrops matogrossensis (Amaral, 1925) (Mato-Grosso-Lanzenotter/Mato Grosso Lancehead):

 

Bothrops medusa (Sternfeld, 1920) (Venezuela-Waldlanzenotter/Venezuelan Forest Pitviper):

 

Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 (Brasilianischer Lanzenotter/Brazilian Lancehead):

 

Bothrops muriciensis Ferrarezzi, 2001 (Murici-Lanzenotter/Murici Lancehead):

 

Bothrops neuwiedi (Wagler, 1824) (Neuwied-Lanzenotter/Neuwied’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops oligolepis (Werner, 1901) (Peruanische Waldlanzenotter/Peruvian Forest Pitviper):

 

Bothrops osbornei Freire-Lascano, 1991 (Osborne-Lanzenotter/Osborne’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops otavioi Barbo, Grazziotin, Sazima, Martins & Sawaya, 2012 (Otavio-Lanzenotter/Otavio’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops pauloensis (Amaral, 1925) (São-Paulo-Lanzenotter/São Paulo Lancehead):

 

Bothrops pictus (Tschudi, 1845) (Wüsten-Lanzenotter/Desert Lancehead):

 

Bothrops pirajai Amaral, 1923 (Piraja-Lanzenotter/Piraja’s Lancehead):

 

Bothrops pubescens (Cope, 1870) (Uruguay-Lanzenotter/Uruguay Lancehead):

 

Bothrops pulchra (Peters, 1862) (Anden-Waldlanzenotter/Andean Forest Pitviper):

 

Bothrops punctatus (Garcia, 1896) (Chocoa-Lanzenotter/Chocoan Lancehead):

 

Bothrops rhombeatus (Garcia, 1896) (Rauten-Lanzenotter/Rhomb-patterned Lancehead):

 

Bothrops sanctaecrucis Hoge, 1966 (Bolivianische Lanzenotter/Bolivian Lancehead):

 

Bothrops taeniata (Wagler, 1824) (Castelnaud-Waldlanzenotter/Speckled Forest Pitviper):

 

Bothrops venezuelensis Sandner-Montilla, 1952 (Venezolanische Lanzenotter/Venezuelan Lancehead):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Calloselasma

 

 

Genus Calloselasma Cope, 1860 (Gattung Malaiische Mokassinottern):

-          1 Art

 

Calloselasma rhodostoma (Kuhl, 1824) (Malaiische Mokassin-Grubenotter/Malayan Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Cerrophidion

 

 

Genus Cerrophidion Campbell & Lamar, 1992 (Gattung Amerikanische Berggrubenottern):

-          5 Arten

 

Cerrophidion godmani (Günther, 1863) (Godman-Berggrubenotter/Godman’s Montane Pitviper):

 

Cerrophidion petlalcalensis Lopéz-Luna, Vogt & Torre-Loranca, 1999 (Petlalcala-Berggrubenotter/Petlalcala Montane Pitviper):

 

Cerrophidion sasai Jadin, Townsend, Castoe & Campbell, 2012 (Costa-Rica-Berggrubenotter/Costa Rica Montane Pitviper):

 

Cerrophidion tzotzilorum (Campbell, 1985) (Tzotzil-Berggrubenotter/Tzotzil Montane Pitviper):

 

Cerrophidion wilsoni Jadin, Townsend, Castoe & Campbell, 2012 (Honduras-Berggrubenotter/Honduras Montane Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Crotalus

 

 

Genus Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Gattung Klapperschlangen):

-          36 Arten

 

Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois, 1799 (Östliche Diamant-Klapperschlange/Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus aquilus Klauber, 1952 (Querétaro-Klapperschlange/Querétaro Dusky Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus atrox Baird & Girard, 1853 (Westliche Diamant-Klapperschlange/Western Diamondback Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus basiliscus (Cope, 1864) (Basilisken-Klapperschlange/Mexican West Coast Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus catalinensis Cliff, 1954 (Santa-Catalina-Klapperschlange/Santa Catalina Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus cerastes Hallowell, 1854 (Seitenwinder-Klapperschlange/Sidewinder):

 

Crotalus cerberus (Coues, 1875) (Schwarze Arizona-Klapperschlange/Arizona Black Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus culminatus Klauber, 1952 (Nordwestliche Schauer-Klapperschlange/Northwestern Neotropical Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758 (Tropische Klapperschlange/South American Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus enyo (Cope, 1861) (Niederkalifornische Klapperschlange/Baja California Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus ericsmithi Campbell & Flores-Villela, 2008 (Guerrera-Langschwanz-Klapperschlange/Guerreran Long-tailed Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus horridus Linnaeus, 1758 (Wald-Klapperschlange/Timber Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus intermedius Troschel, 1865 (Mexikanische Kleinkopf-Klapperschlange/Mexican Small-heade Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus lannomi Tanner, 1966 (Autlán-Klapperschlange/Autlán Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus lepidus (Kennicott, 1861) (Felsen-Klapperschlange/Rock Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus mitchellii (Cope, 1861) (Gefleckte Klapperschlange/Speckled Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus molossus Baird & Girard, 1853 (Schwarzschwanz-Klapperschlange/Black-tailed Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840 (Pazifik-Klapperschlange/Western Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus ornatus Hallowell, 1854 (Pecos-Klapperschlange/Pecos Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus polystictus (Cope, 1865) (Mexikanische Lanzenkopf-Klapperschlange/Mexican Lance-headed Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus pricei van Denburgh, 1895 (Price-Klapperschlange/Twin-spotted Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus pusillus Klauber, 1952 (Michoacán-Klapperschlange/Tancitaran Dusky Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus ravus Cope, 1865 (Mexikanische Zwergklapperschlange/Mexican Dwarf Rattlesnake)

 

Crotalus ruber Cope, 1892 (Rote Diamant-Klapperschlange/Red Diamond Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus scutulatus (Kennicott, 1861) (Mojave-Klapperschlange/Mohave Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus simus Latreille, 1801 (Zentralamerikanische Klapperschlange/Middle American Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus stejnegeri Dunn, 1919 (Stejneger-Langschwanz-Klapperschlange/Stejneger’s Long-tailed Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus stephensi Klauber, 1930 (Panamint-Klapperschlange/Panamint Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus tancitarensis Alvarado-Díaz & Campbell, 2004 (Tancítaro-Klapperschlange/Tancítaro Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus tigris Kennicott, 1859 (Tiger-Klapperschlange/Tiger Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus totonacus Gloyd & Kauffeld, 1940 (Totonaca-Klapperschlange/Totonacan Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus transversus Taylor, 1944 (Quergebänderte Berg-Klapperschlange/Cross-banded Mountain Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus triseriatus (Wagler, 1830) (Mexikanische Plateau-Klapperschlange/Mexican Dusky Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus tzabcan Klauber, 1952 (Yucatán-Klapperschlange/Yucatán Neotropical Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus viridis (Rafinesque, 1818) (Prärie-Klapperschlange/Prairie Rattlesnake):

 

Crotalus willardi Meek, 1905 (Kantenkopf-Klapperschlange/Ridge-nosed Rattlesnake):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Deinagkistrodon

 

 

Genus Deinagkistrodon Gloyd, 1979 (Gattung Chinesische Nasenottern):

-          1 Art

 

Deinagkistrodon acutus (Günther, 1888) (Chinesischer Kupferkopf/Hundred-pace Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Garthius

 

 

Genus Garthius Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004 (Gattung Chasens Berggrubenottern):

-          1 Art

 

Garthius chaseni (Smith, 1931) (Chasens Berggrubenotter/Chasen’s Mountain Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Gloydius

 

 

Genus Gloydius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981 (Gattung Mamushis):

-          13 Arten

 

Gloydius blomhoffii (Boie, 1826) (Japanische Mamushi/Japanese Mamushi):

 

Gloydius brevicaudus (Stejneger, 1907) (Kurzschwanz-Mamushi/Short-tailde Mamushi):

 

Gloydius halys (Pallas, 1776) (Halys-Grubenotter/Siberian Pitviper):

 

Gloydius himalayanus (Günther, 1864) (Himalaya-Grubenotter/Himalayan Pitviper)

 

Gloydius intermedius (Strauch, 1868) (Zentralasiatische Grubenotter/Central Asian Pitviper):

 

Gloydius lijianlii Jiang & Zhao, 2009 (Shandong-Grubenotter/Shandong Pitviper):

 

Gloydius liupanensis Liu, Song & Luo, 1989 (Liupan-Grubenotter/Liupan Mountains Pitviper):

 

Gloydius monticola (Werner, 1922) (Likiang-Grubenotter/Likiang Pitviper):

 

Gloydius saxatilis (Emelianov, 1937) (Felsen-Mamushi/Rock Mamushi):

 

Gloydius shedaoensis (Zhao, 1979) (Shedao-Grubenotter/Shedao Pitviper):

 

Gloydius strauchi (Bedriaga, 1912) (Strauchs Grubenotter/Strauch’s Pitviper):

 

Gloydius tsushimaensis (Isogawa, Moriya & Mitsui, 1994) (Tsushima-Mamushi/Tsushima Mamushi):

 

Gloydius ussuriensis (Emelianov, 1929) (Ussuri-Mamushi/Ussurian Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Hypnale

 

 

Genus Hypnale Fitzinger, 1843 (Gattung Ceylon-Nasenottern):

-          3 Arten

 

Hypnale hypnale (Merrem, 1820) (Indische Nasenotter/Indian Hump-nosed Pitviper):

 

Hypnale nepa (Laurenti, 1768) (Sri-Lanka-Nasenotter/Sri Lankan Hump-nosed Pitviper):

 

Hypnale zara (Gray, 1849) (Feuchtgebiets-Nasenotter/Wetland Hump-nosed Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Lachesis

 

 

Genus Lachesis Daudin, 1803 (Gattung Buschmeister):

-          4 Arten

 

Lachesis acrochorda (Garcia, 1896) (Kolumbianischer Buschmeister/Colombian Bushmaster):

 

Lachesis melanocephala Solórzano & Cerdas, 1986 (Schwarzkopf-Buschmeister/Black-headed Bushmaster):

 

Lachesis muta (Linnaeus, 1766) (Südamerikanischer Buschmeister/South American Bushmaster):

 

Lachesis stenophrys Cope, 1876 (Mittelamerikanischer Buschmeister/Central American Bushmaster):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Mixcoatlus

 

 

Genus Mixcoatlus Jadin, Smith & Campbell, 2011 (Gattung Mexikanische Berggrubenottern):

-          3 Arten

 

Mixcoatlus barbouri (Dunn, 1919) (Barbour-Berggrubenotter/Barbour’s Montane Pitviper):

 

Mixcoatlus browni (Shreve, 1938) (Brown-Berggrubenotter/Brown’s Montane Pitviper):

 

Mixcoatlus melanurus (Müller, 1923) (Schwarzschwanz-Berggrubenotter/Black-tailed Montane Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Ophryacus

 

 

Genus Ophryacus Cope, 1887 (Gattung Mexikanische Horn-Lanzenottern):

-          1 Art

 

Ophryacus undulatus (Jan, 1859) (Mexikanische Gehörnte Lanzenotter/Mexican Horned Pitviper):

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Ovophis

 

 

Genus Ovophis Burger, 1981 (Gattung Asiatische Berggrubenottern):

-          4 Arten

 

Ovophis monticola (Günther, 1864) (Chinesische Berggrubenotter/Chinese Mountain Pitviper):

 

Ovophis okinavensis (Boulenger, 1892) (Okinawa-Grubenotter/Okinawa Pitviper):

 

Ovophis tonkinensis (Bourret, 1934) (Tonkin-Grubenotter/Tonkin Pitviper):

 

Ovophis zayuensis (Jiang, 1977) (Zayuan-Grubenotter/Zayuan Mountain Pitviper

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Porthidium

 

 

Genus Porthidium Cope, 1871 (Gattung Hakennasen-Lanzenottern):

-          9 Arten

 

Porthidium arcosae Schätti & Kramer, 1993 (Ekuador-Stülpnasenotter/Ecuador Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium dunni (Hartweg & Oliver, 1938) (Dunn-Stülpnasenotter/Dunn’s Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium hespere (Campbell, 1976) (Colima-Stülpnasenotter/Colima Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium lansbergii (Schlegel, 1841) (Lansberg-Stülpnasenotter/Lansberg’s Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium nasutum (Bocourt, 1868) (Regenwald-Stülpnasenotter/Rainforest Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium ophryomegas (Bocourt, 1868) (Schlanke Stülpnasenotter/Slender Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium porrasi Lamar, 2003 (Weißschwanz-Stülpnasenotter/Porras’ Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium volcanicum Solorzano, 1995 (Costa-Rica-Stülpnasenotter/Ujarran Hognosed Pitviper):

 

Porthidium yucatanicum (Smith, 1941) (Yucatán-Stülpnasenotter/Yucatán Hognosed Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Protobothrops

 

 

Genus Protobothrops Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983 (Gattung Habu-Grubenottern):

-          14 Arten

 

Protobothrops cornutus (Smith, 1930) (Gehörnte Habu-Grubenotter/Fan-si-pan Horned Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops dabieshanensis Huang, Pan, Han, Zhang, Hou, Yu, Zheng & Zhang, 2012 (Dabie-Habu-Grubenotter/Dabie Mountains Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops elegans (Gray, 1849) (Sakishima-Habu-Grubenotter/Sakishima Habu):

 

Protobothrops flavoviridis (Hallowell, 1861) (Okinawa-Habu-Grubenotter/Okinawa Habu):

 

Protobothrops himalayanus Pan, Chettri, Yang, Jiang, Wang, Zhang & Vogel, 2013 (Himalaya-Habu-Grubenotter/Himalayan Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops jerdonii (Günther, 1875) (Jerdon-Habu-Grubenotter/Jerdon’s Pitviper

 

Protobothrops kaulbacki (Smith, 1940) (Kaulback-Habu-Grubenotter/Kaulback’s Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops mangshanensis (Zhao, 1990) (Mangshan-Habu-Grubenotter/Mangshan Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops maolanensis Yang, Orlov & Wang, 2011 (Maolan-Habu-Grubenotter/Mao-lan Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Cantor, 1839) (Chinesische Habu-Grubenotter/Chinese Habu):

 

Protobothrops sieversorum (Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Pauwels, 2000) (Sievers-Dreihornschuppen-Grubenotter/Three-horned Scaled Pitviper)

 

Protobothrops tokarensis (Nagai, 1928) (Tokara-Habu-Grubenotter/Tokara Habu):

 

Protobothrops trungkhanhensis Orlov, Ryabov & Nguyen, 2009 (Trungkhanh-Habu-Grubenotter/Trungkhanh Pitviper):

 

Protobothrops xiangchengensis (Zhao, Jiang & Huang, 1979) (Xiangchen-Habu-Grubenotter/Xiangcheng Lance-headed Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Sistrurus

 

 

Genus Sistrurus Garman, 1883 (Gattung Zwergklapperschlangen):

-          2 Arten

 

Sistrurus catenatus (Rafrinesque, 1818) (Kettenklapperschlange/Massasauga):

 

Sistrurus miliarius Linnaeus, 1766 (Zwergklapperschlange/Pigmy Rattlesnake):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Trimeresurus

 

 

Genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Gattung Bambusottern):

-          48 Arten

 

Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, 1842 (Weißlippen-Bambusotter/White-lipped Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus andalasensis David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006 (Andalas-Bambusotter/Andalas Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus andersonii Theobald, 1868 (Anderson-Bambusotter/Anderson’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus barati Regenass & Kramer, 1981 (Barat-Bambusotter/Barat Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus borneensis (Peters, 1872) (Borneo-Bambusotter/Bornean Pitviper)

 

Trimeresurus brongersmai Hoge, 1969 (Brongersma-Bambusotter/Brongersma’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus buniana (Grismer, Grismer & McGuire, 2006) (Feen-Bambusotter/Fairy Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus cantori (Blyth, 1846) (Cantor-Bambusotter/Cantor’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus cardamomensis (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011) (Cardamom-Bambusotter/Cardamom Mountains Green Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus erythrurus (Cantor, 1839) (Rotschwanz-Bambusotter/Red-tailed Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus fasciatus (Boulenger, 1896) (Gebänderte Bambusotter/Banded Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus flavomaculatus (Gray, 1842) (Philippinen-Bambusotter/Yellow-spotted Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus fucatus Vogel, David & Pauwels, 2004 (Geschminkte Bambusotter/Siamese Peninsula Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima, 1920 (Kikushi-Bambusotter/Kikushi Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus gramineus (Shaw, 1802) (Grüne Bambusotter/Common Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus gumprechti David, Vogel, Pauwels & Vidal, 2002 (Gumprecht-Bambusotter/Gumprecht’s Green Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus hageni (Lidth de Jeude, 1886) (Hagen-Bambusotter/Hagen’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus honsonensis (Grismer, Ngo & Grismer, 2008) (Hon-Son-Bambusotter/Hon Son Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus insularis Kramer, 1977 (Insel-Bambusotter/White-lipped Island Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus kanburiensis Smith, 1943 (Kanburi-Bambusotter/Kanburi Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus labialis (Steindachner, 1867) (Nikobaren-Bambusotter/Nicobar Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus macrolepis Beddome, 1862 (Großschuppen-Bambusotter/Large-scaled Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus macrops Kramer, 1977 (Großaugen-Bambusotter/Large-eyed Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1854) (Malabarische Bambusotter/Malabarian Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus malcolmi Loveridge, 1938 (Malcolm-Bambusotter/Malcolm’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus mcgregori Taylor, 1919 (McGregor-Bambusotter/Philippine Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus medoensis Zhao, 1977 (Motuo-Bambusotter/Motuo Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus nebularis Vogel, David & Pauwels, 2004 (Cameron-Hochland-Bambusotter/Cameron Highlands Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus phuketensis Sumontha, Kunya, Pauwels, Nitikul & Punnadee, 2011 (Phuket-Bambusotter/Phuket Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 (Pope-Bambusotter/Pope`s Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus puniceus (Boie, 1827) (Flachnasen-Bambusotter/Flat-nosed Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (Gray, 1832) (Mangrovenotter/Shore Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus rubeus (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011) (Rotaugen-Bambusotter/Ruby-eyed Green Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus sabahi Regenass & Kramer, 1981 (Sabah-Bambusotter/Sabah Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus schultzei Griffin, 1909 (Schultze-Bambusotter/Schultze’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus septentrionalis Kramer, 1977 (Nepal-Bambusotter/Nepal Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus sichuanensis (Guo & Wang, 2011) (Sichuan-Bambusotter/Sichuan Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt, 1925 (Chinesische Bambusotter/Chinese Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus strigatus Gray, 1842 (Hufeisen-Bambusotter/Horseshoe Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus sumatranus (Raffles, 1822) (Sumatra-Bambusotter/Sumatran Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus tibetanus Huang, 1982 (Tibet-Bambusotter/Tibetan Bamboo Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus toba David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009 (Toba-Bambusotter/Toba Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus trigonocephalus (Latreille, 1801) (Sri-Lanka-Bambusotter/Sri Lankan Green Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus truongsonensis Orlov, Ryabov, Thanh & H CUC, 2004 (Quang-Binh-Bambusotter/Quang Binh Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus venustus Vogel, 1991 (Schöne Bambusotter/Beautiful Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus vogeli David, Vidal & Pauwels, 2001 (Vogel-Bambusotter/Vogel’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus wiroti Trutnau, 1981 (Wirot-Bambusotter/Wirot’s Pitviper):

 

Trimeresurus yunnanensis Schmidt, 1925 (Yunnan-Bambusotter/Yunnan Bamboo Pitviper):

 

 

 

Toxicofera > Serpentes > Alethinophidia > Afrophidia > Caenophidia > Colubroidea > Viperidae > Crotalinae > Tropidolaemus

 

 

Genus Tropidolaemus Wagler, 1830 (Gattung Tempelvipern):

-          5 Arten

 

Tropidolaemus huttoni (Smith, 1949) (Hutton-Grubenotter/Hutton’s Pitviper):

 

Tropidolaemus laticinctus (Kuch, Gumprecht & Melaun, 2007) (Breitgebänderte Tempelviper/Broad-banded Temple Pitviper):

 

Tropidolaemus philippensis (Gray, 1842) (Südphilippinische Tempelviper/South Philippine Temple Pitviper):

 

Tropidolaemus subannulatus (Gray, 1842) (Nordphilippinische Tempelviper/North Philippine Temple Pitviper):

 

Tropidolaemus wagleri (Boie, 1827) (Wagler-Tempelviper/Wagler’s Temple Pitviper):

 

 

 

Referenzen:

1)      Fry, B. G., Vidal, N., Norman, J. A., Vonk, J., Scheib, H., Ramjan, S. F. R., Kuruppu, S., Fung, K., Hedges, S. B., Richardson, M. K., Hodgson, W. C., Ignjatovic, V., Summerhayes, R. & Kochva, E. (2006). Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. Nature 439: 584-588.

2)      Hedges, S. B. & Vidal, N. (2009). Lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians (Squamata). In: Hedges, S. B. & Kumar, S. (Hrsg.): The Timetree of Life. Oxford University Press, UK: pp. 383-389.

3)      Hugall, A. F., Foster, R. & Lee, M. S. Y. (2007). Calibration choice, rate smoothing, and the pattern of tetrapod diversification according to the long nuclear gene RAG-1. Systematic Biology 56 (4): 543-563.

4)      Kumazawa, Y. (2007). Mitochondrial genomes from major lizard families suggest their phylogenetic relationships and ancient radiations. Gene 388 (1-2): 19-26.

5)      Orlov, N. L., Ryabov, S. A. & Nguyen, T. T. (2013). On the taxonomy and the distribution of snakes of the genus Azemiops Boulenger, 1888: description of a new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 20 (2): 110-128.

6)      Pan, H., Chettri, B., Yang, D., Jiang, K., Wang, K., Zhang, L. & Vogel, G. (2013). A new species of the genus Protobothrops (Squamata: Viperidae) from southern Tibet, China and Sikkim, India. Asian Herpetological Research 4 (2): 109-115.

7)      Porras, L. W., Wilson, L. D., Schuett, G. W. & Reiserer, R. S. (2013). A taxonomic reevaluation and conservation assessment of the common cantil, Agkistrodon bilineatus (Squamata: Viperidae): a race against time. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7 (1): 48-73.

8)      Smith, E. N., Manamendra-Arachchi, K. & Somawerra, R. (2008). A new species of coralsnake of the genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the central province of Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 1847: 19-33.

9)      Smith, E. N., Ogale, H., Deepak, V. & Giri, V. B. (2012): A new species of coralsnake of the genus Calliophis (Squamata: Elapidae) from the west coast of peninsular India. Zootaxa 3437: 51-68.

10)  Townsend, J. H., Medina-Flores, M., Wilson, L. D., Jadin, R. C. & Austin, J. D. (2013). A relict lineage and new species of green palm-pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Bothriechis) from the Chortís highlands of Mesoamerica. ZooKeys 298: 77-105.

11)  Townsend, T. M., Larson, A., Louis, E. & Macey, J. R. (2004). Molecular phylogenetics of Squamata: the position of snakes, amphisbaenians, and dibamids, and the root of the Squamata tree. Systematic Biology 53 (5): 735-757.

12)  Trape, J.-F., Chirio, L, Broadley, D. G. & Wüster, W. (2009). Phylogeography and systematic revision of the Egyptian cobra (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja haje) species complex, with the description of a new species from West Africa. Zootaxa 2236: 1-25.

13)  Tuniyev, S. B., Avci, A., Tuniyev, B. S., Agasian, A. L. & Agasian, L. A. (2013). Description of a new species of shield-head vipers – Pelias olguni sp. nov. from basin of upper flow of the Kura river in Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology 19 (4): 314-332.

14)  Tuniyev, S. B., Orlov, N., Tuniyev, B. S. & Kidov, A. (2013). On the taxonomical status of steppe viper from foothills of the south macroslope of the East Caucasus. Russian Journal of Herpetology 20 (2): 129-146.

15)  Vidal, N. & Hedges, S. B. (2005). The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 328 (10-11): 1000-1008.

16)  Wallach, V., Wüster, W. & Broadley, D. G. (2009). In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae). Zootaxa 2236: 26-36.

17)  Wiens, J. J., Kuczynski, C. A., Townsend, T., Reeder, T. W., Mulcahy, D. G. & Sites, J. W. (2010). Combining phylogenomics and fossils in higher-lever squamate reptile phylogeny: molecular data change the placement of fossil taxa. Systematic Biology 59 (6): 674-688.

18)  Wüster, W. & Broadley, D. G. (2007). Get an eyeful of this: a new species of giant spitting cobra from eastern and north-eastern Africa (Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja). Zootaxa 1532: 51-68.

19)  Wüster, W., Crookes, S., Ineich, I., Mané, Y., Pook, C. E., Trape, J.-F. & Broadley, D. G. (2007). The phylogeny of cobras inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: evolution of venom spitting and the phylogeography of the African spitting cobras (Serpentes: Elapidae: Naja nigricollis complex). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2): 437-453.

 

 

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